Create Nested Directories in Python: A Comprehensive Guide Discover how to master nested directory creation in Python using pathlib, os, and distutils modules. Learn how to handle exceptions and create directories with ease.

Mastering Nested Directory Creation in Python

Understanding the Basics

To create a nested directory in Python, you need to have a solid grasp of Python directory and file management, Python modules, and Python exception handling. With these fundamentals in place, you’re ready to dive into the world of nested directory creation.

The Power of pathlib.Path.mkdir (Python 3.5 and above)

When working with Python 3.5 and above, the pathlib library offers a convenient way to create nested directories using Path.mkdir. Here’s how it works:

• Import the Path class from the pathlib library.
• Call the mkdir() method with two essential arguments: parents and exist_ok.
• By default, parents is set to False. If the parent directory doesn’t exist, a FileNotFoundError is thrown. To avoid this, set parents to True.
• exist_ok is also set to False by default. If the directory already exists, a FileExistsError is raised. Set exist_ok to True to prevent this error.

A Simple Alternative: os.makedirs (Python 3.2 and above)

For Python 3.2 and above, the os module provides a straightforward way to create nested directories using makedirs(). Here’s the lowdown:

• Use the makedirs() method from the os module.
• Pass the nested directory you want to create as a parameter.
• Remember to provide the full path (absolute path) of the directory, not the relative path.

Another Option: distutils.dir_util

This approach is similar to using os.makedirs(). Here’s what you need to know:

• Use the mkpath() method instead of makedirs().
• Provide the full path (absolute path) of the directory, not the relative path.

Raising an Exception if the Directory Already Exists

What if you want to raise an exception if the directory already exists? Here’s how:

• Wrap the statement in a try block.
• Catch the FileExistsError in the except block and execute the statements inside.

Additional Tips and Tricks

Remember, when creating nested directories, always provide the full path (absolute path) of the directory, not the relative path. And, if the directory already exists, the code won’t raise an exception.

Further Reading

Want to learn more about working with directories in Python? Check out our article on Python Program to Get the Full Path of the Current Working Directory.